2,536 research outputs found
Maximum Persistency via Iterative Relaxed Inference with Graphical Models
We consider the NP-hard problem of MAP-inference for undirected discrete
graphical models. We propose a polynomial time and practically efficient
algorithm for finding a part of its optimal solution. Specifically, our
algorithm marks some labels of the considered graphical model either as (i)
optimal, meaning that they belong to all optimal solutions of the inference
problem; (ii) non-optimal if they provably do not belong to any solution. With
access to an exact solver of a linear programming relaxation to the
MAP-inference problem, our algorithm marks the maximal possible (in a specified
sense) number of labels. We also present a version of the algorithm, which has
access to a suboptimal dual solver only and still can ensure the
(non-)optimality for the marked labels, although the overall number of the
marked labels may decrease. We propose an efficient implementation, which runs
in time comparable to a single run of a suboptimal dual solver. Our method is
well-scalable and shows state-of-the-art results on computational benchmarks
from machine learning and computer vision.Comment: Reworked version, submitted to PAM
THE ECONOMIC AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
In practice, at the scale of world economy, reciprocal exchange activities between operators, takes place within an economic-legal determined framework. With regards to the international relationship, the economic and legal framework in the present context of the globalization of the world economy represents the matrix itself of their organization and development on the background of a strong participation of all the states to the world economic channel. An effective use of the legal instruments – which are structural elements of the economic and legal framework of the international relations – represents the sine qua non condition for developing mutually beneficial cooperation between the states.economic and legal framework, international economic relations,international economic negotiations, free trade, protection, trade agreement, trade treaty,
Minimum Number of Probes for Brain Dynamics Observability
In this paper, we address the problem of placing sensor probes in the brain
such that the system dynamics' are generically observable. The system dynamics
whose states can encode for instance the fire-rating of the neurons or their
ensemble following a neural-topological (structural) approach, and the sensors
are assumed to be dedicated, i.e., can only measure a state at each time. Even
though the mathematical description of brain dynamics is (yet) to be
discovered, we build on its observed fractal characteristics and assume that
the model of the brain activity satisfies fractional-order dynamics.
Although the sensor placement explored in this paper is particularly
considering the observability of brain dynamics, the proposed methodology
applies to any fractional-order linear system. Thus, the main contribution of
this paper is to show how to place the minimum number of dedicated sensors,
i.e., sensors measuring only a state variable, to ensure generic observability
in discrete-time fractional-order systems for a specified finite interval of
time. Finally, an illustrative example of the main results is provided using
electroencephalogram (EEG) data.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.0720
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE BENEFITS OF A CLEAN AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
The practice and economic theory reveal relationships of dependence, between degree of reduction ofpollutant residues, on the one hand, and the cost, as well as the total positive effects which is to be made by the controland the actions of reduction the degree of pollution, on the other hand.Thus, from an ecological point of view, an action may be defined as economically efficient, not only whereensures achievement of the objectives proposed in terms of minimum costs, not only where but also if it ensures at leastkeeping the quality of natural environment. The protection program of the environmental quality drawn up ofenterprises, program included in their strategy of development, to be operational it is necessary to include a series ofindicators such as: the permissible level of pollution of the environment with different substances, acceptable levels ofcontamination from the enterprise products, the volume of expenditure which it involves taking measures for theconservation and protection of the environment, the modality of including in the production cost the expensesrelated to protect the natural environment, etc
Normalised transverse emittance reduction via ionisation cooling in MICE ‘Flip Mode’
Low-emittance muon beams are central to the development of a Muon Collider and
can significantly enhance the performance of a Neutrino Factory. The main challenge
for muon acceleration stems from the large emittance with which the muon beam is
produced. Maximising the muon yield while maintaining a suitably small aperture in
the accelerator system requires that the muon beam emittance be reduced (cooled).
The international Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) was designed to
demonstrate the feasibility of the ionisation cooling technique, and provide the
first measurement of normalised transverse emittance reduction in a muon beam.
This work focuses on the emittance reduction analysis of 140 MeV/c MICE muon
beams that passed through a liquid hydrogen or a lithium hydride absorber. During
the acquisition of the studied data sets, the magnetic channel produced a field that
flipped polarity at the absorber, to prevent a canonical angular momentum increase.
A novel beam sampling procedure was developed to account for imperfections in
beam matching at the entrance into the cooling channel, which improved the cooling
signal measurement. A reduction in the muon beam normalised transverse emittance
that grows linearly with input emittance was observed, which is a clear signal of
ionisation cooling. The measurement is consistent with the simulation and the
theoretical model.
Furthermore, both the liquid hydrogen and the lithium hydride absorbers were
found to induce a reduction in the mean canonical angular momentum of the beam.
This effect can be attributed to energy loss at the absorber situated at the field
polarity flip, combined with an increasing beam size across the absorber region.
This result confirms that the field polarity flip at the absorber would maintain a
low-magnitude canonical angular momentum within the cooling stage of a future
muon facility.Open Acces
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